In the German notation scheme, a hyphen is added between the pitch and the alteration ( D-Dur). The 'major' alteration is usually superfluous, as a key description missing an alteration is invariably assumed to be major. To form a key designation, locate the note name in the pitch translation table and add the major/minor qualifier from the lower table as needed. This article is concerned with written usage. Similarly, a Dutch musician may refer to a written F ♯ orally as Fis. For example, recent French scores or books may use the English system (this is especially common for chord symbols), but French users would read out that notation according to the Fixed Do system. Another tendency has been to use the English system in writing but to read it out according to either the Fixed Do or the German system if those are the systems used locally. The only case where this can lead to some confusion is when the letter B is used because it would not be clear whether the intention was for it to be understood as B ♮ (English system) or B ♭ (German system). There has been a tendency in some countries that historically used the Fixed Do key notation or the German key notation to switch to the English system, especially among musicians working in popular music genres or jazz. This is especially common in the Netherlands. However, in some places where the German system is in use one may encounter the use of B for B ♮ and Bes for B ♭. The German key notation differs from the English system in two respects, namely that B ♮ is referred to by the letter H and B ♭ by the letter B by itself, and that sharp and flat designations do not use words but suffix is for sharps and suffix es (reduced to s if the tone letter is a vowel) for flats, except that (as already mentioned) in the German system the letter B by itself already means B flat.
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